International Union of the Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) (1948- )This is the major international professional organization in anthropology. It holds its major meetings every 5 years, in venues scattered around the world. Intercongresses are often held at the 2 1/2 year interval between each 5 year meeting. In August, 1948, IUAES was united, de facto, with the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (ICAES), founded in 1934, which, in turn, had followed various anthropological congresses from 1865 onward. IUAES and ICAES were united de jure in 1968.