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This guide is intended for students who are working on academic assignments such as research papers, mood boards, presentations, and e-portfolios. The guide is intended to be educational and non-commercial.
Please note the examples contained in this guide are based on the author's interpretation of proper citing procedures. There are few standards for image citation for educational purposes in the Chicago Manual of Style.
It is not intended to be used for scholarship by faculty members; for publishing online to the general public; or for commercial purposes. Students should speak to instructors for guidelines for specific assignments. For example, citations might be unnecessary for certain studio projects.
The four factors used to determine whether fair use applies are:
When using images in a manner that does not qualify as fair use, image copyright holders must be consulted.
For example, when an image is being used in a book that will be published by a for-profit publisher, the author or publisher is usually responsible for clearing copyright (obtaining permission and/or paying a licensing fee) for the images. To clear copyright, contact whoever owns the image. The copyright holder might be a museum, a library, a photographer, an artist, or an artist's estate. Many artists are represented by Artists Rights Society.
All databases (library, commercial, and non-commercial) are governed by terms of use:
Did you know that anyone can copyright their creative work? You can do it online at copyright.gov. You can register multiple works under the same copyright and revise the works after they are registered.
Questions? Ask Us, contact Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts, or refer to the resources below: